Columba es un género de aves columbiformes de la familia Columbidae que comprende numerosas especies de palomas medianas o grandes, y de cuerpo robusto. Por ser el género tipo de la familia suele denominarse a sus miembros palomas típicas. El nombre del género es de etimología latina, Columba es la palabra que significa «paloma» en latín. Las especies de este género se extienden por Eurasia, África y Oceanía, pero se han introducido algunas especies, como la paloma bravía, fuera de su área natural. Anteriormente se clasificaban en Columba varias especies americanas que actualmente componen el género Patagioenas.

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The large bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large stout-bodied pigeons, often referred to as the typical pigeons. The terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae, respectively. Columba species – at least those of Columba sensu stricto – are generally termed "pigeons", and in many cases wood-pigeons. The species commonly referred to just as "the pigeon" is the feral pigeon (C. livia domestica). It is derived from the rock pigeon (C. livia), which also has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds, such as the racing pigeon. Meanwhile, "wood pigeon" by itself usually means the common wood pigeon (C. palumbus). This genus as understood today is native to the Old World, but some – notably the domestic and feral rock pigeon – have been introduced outside their natural range, for example in the Americas.

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