Se denomina telescopio (del prefijo tele- y el sufijo -scopio, y estos del prefijo griego τηλε- [tele-], ‘lejos’, y la raíz griega σκοπ- [skop-], ‘ver’) al instrumento óptico que permite observar objetos lejanos con mucho más detalle que a simple vista al captar radiación electromagnética, tal como la luz. Es una herramienta fundamental en astronomía, y cada desarrollo o perfeccionamiento de este instrumento ha permitido avances en nuestra comprensión del Universo. Gracias al telescopio —desde que Galileo Galilei en 1610 lo usó para mirar la Luna, el planeta Júpiter y las estrellas— el ser humano pudo, por fin, empezar a conocer la verdadera naturaleza de los cuerpos celestes que nos rodean y nuestra ubicación en el universo.

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A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 1600s, by using glass lenses. They found use in both terrestrial applications and astronomy. Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was invented, which used mirrors to collect and focus the light. In the 20th century many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s. The word telescope now refers to a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors. The word telescope (from the Ancient Greek τῆλε, tele "far" and σκοπεῖν, skopein "to look or see"; τηλεσκόπος, teleskopos "far-seeing") was coined in 1611 by the Greek mathematician Giovanni Demisiani for one of Galileo Galilei's instruments presented at a banquet at the Accademia dei Lincei. In the Starry Messenger, Galileo had used the term perspicillum.

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