Los insectos (Insecta) son una clase de animales invertebrados del filo de los artrópodos, caracterizados por presentar un par de antenas, tres pares de patas y dos pares de alas (que, no obstante, pueden reducirse o faltar). La ciencia que estudia los insectos se denomina entomología. Su nombre proviene del latín insectum, calco del griego ἔντομα, 'cortado en medio'. Los insectos comprenden el grupo de animales más diverso de la Tierra con aproximadamente un millón de especies descritas, más que todos los demás grupos de animales juntos, y con estimaciones de hasta 30 millones de especies no descritas, con lo que, potencialmente, representarían más del 90 % de las formas de vida del planeta.Otros estudios más recientes rebajan la cifra de insectos por descubrir a entre 6 y 10 millones de especies. Los insectos pueden encontrarse en casi todos los ambientes del planeta, aunque solo un pequeño número de especies se ha adaptado a la vida en los océanos. Hay aproximadamente 5 000 especies de odonatos (libélulas, caballitos del diablo), 20 000 de ortópteros (saltamontes, grillos), 120 000 de lepidópteros (mariposas y polillas), 120 000 de dípteros (moscas, mosquitos), 82 000 de hemípteros (chinches, pulgones, cigarras), 350 000 de coleópteros (escarabajos, mariquitas), y 110 000 especies de himenópteros (abejas, avispas, hormigas). Los insectos no solo presentan una gran diversidad, sino que también son increíblemente abundantes. Algunos hormigueros contienen más de 20 millones de individuos y se calcula que hay 1015 hormigas viviendo sobre la Tierra. En la selva amazónica se estima que hay unas 60 000 especies y 3,2 x 108 individuos por hectárea. Se estima que hay 200 millones de insectos por cada ser humano. Artrópodos terrestres tales como los ciempiés, milpiés, escorpiones y arañas se confunden a menudo con los insectos debido a que tienen estructuras corporales similares, pero son fácilmente distinguibles, ya que los insectos presentan tres pares de patas, mientras que los escorpiones y las arañas tienen cuatro pares y carecen de antenas, y los ciempiés y milpiés tienen muchos pares de patas.

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Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek ἔντομον [éntomon], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million, and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans. The life cycles of insects vary but most hatch from eggs. Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts. The immature stages can differ from the adults in structure, habit and habitat, and can include a passive pupal stage in those groups that undergo 4-stage metamorphosis (see holometabolism). Insects that undergo 3-stage metamorphosis lack a pupal stage and adults develop through a series of nymphal stages. The higher level relationship of the Hexapoda is unclear. Fossilized insects of enormous size have been found from the Paleozoic Era, including giant dragonflies with wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22–28 in). The most diverse insect groups appear to have coevolved with flowering plants. Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming (see below). As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles. Insects are the only invertebrates to have evolved flight. Many insects spend at least part of their lives under water, with larval adaptations that include gills, and some adult insects are aquatic and have adaptations for swimming. Some species, such as water striders, are capable of walking on the surface of water. Insects are mostly solitary, but some, such as certain bees, ants and termites, are social and live in large, well-organized colonies. Some insects, such as earwigs, show maternal care, guarding their eggs and young. Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways. Male moths can sense the pheromones of female moths over great distances. Other species communicate with sounds: crickets stridulate, or rub their wings together, to attract a mate and repel other males. Lampyridae in the beetle order communicate with light. Humans regard certain insects as pests, and attempt to control them using insecticides and a host of other techniques. Some insects damage crops by feeding on sap, leaves or fruits. A few parasitic species are pathogenic. Some insects perform complex ecological roles; blow-flies, for example, help consume carrion but also spread diseases. Insect pollinators are essential to the life-cycle of many flowering plant species on which most organisms, including humans, are at least partly dependent; without them, the terrestrial portion of the biosphere (including humans) would be devastated. Many other insects are considered ecologically beneficial as predators and a few provide direct economic benefit. Silkworms and bees have been used extensively by humans for the production of silk and honey, respectively. In some cultures, people eat the larvae or adults of certain insects.

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