Una dieta es la cantidad de alimento que se le proporciona a un organismo en un periodo de 24 horas, sin importar si cubre o no sus necesidades de mantenimiento, en resumen es el conjunto de nutrientes que se absorben luego del consumo habitual de alimentos. Popularmente, y en el caso de los humanos, la dieta se asocia erróneamente a la práctica de restringir la ingesta de comida para obtener solo los nutrientes y la energía necesarios, y así conseguir o mantener cierto peso corporal. La dieta humana se considera equilibrada si aporta los nutrientes y energía en cantidades tales que permiten mantener las funciones del organismo en un contexto de salud física y mental.Esta dieta equilibrada es particular de cada individuo y se adapta a su sexo, edad, peso y situación de salud. No obstante, existen diversos factores (geográficos, sociales, económicos, patológicos, etc.) que influyen en el equilibrio de la dieta. Las dietas (cantidades y variedades de alimentos a consumir), se utilizan para el tratamiento y prevención de diversas patologías (dietoterapia) y para adaptar la alimentación a diversas situaciones fisiológicas.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight. In other words, it is conscious control or restriction of the diet. A restricted diet is often used by those who are overweight or obese, sometimes in combination with physical exercise, to reduce body weight. Some people follow a diet to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle). Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight and improve health. In particular, diets can be designed to prevent or treat diabetes. Diets to promote weight loss can be categorized as: low-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie, very low calorie and more recently flexible dieting. A meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials found no difference between low-calorie, low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets, with a 2–4 kilogram weight loss over 12–18 months in all studies. At two years, all calorie-reduced diet types cause equal weight loss irrespective of the macronutrients emphasized. In general, the most effective diet is any which reduces calorie consumption. A study published in American Psychologist found that short-term dieting involving "severe restriction of calorie intake" does not lead to "sustained improvements in weight and health for the majority of individuals". Other studies have found that the average individual maintains some weight loss after dieting. Weight loss by dieting, while of benefit to those classified as unhealthy, may slightly increase the mortality rate for individuals who are otherwise healthy. The first popular diet was "Banting", named after William Banting. In his 1863 pamphlet, Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public, he outlined the details of a particular low-carbohydrate, low-calorie diet that had led to his own dramatic weight loss.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA