El italiano (Acerca de este sonido italiano (?·i) o lingua italiana) es una lengua romance que proviene del florentino arcaico y pertenece al grupo itálico de la familia de lenguas indoeuropeas. Es el idioma oficial de Italia, San Marino, Ciudad del Vaticano y una de las tres lenguas oficiales de Suiza (con el alemán y el francés) y de los cuatro idiomas nacionales helvéticos (con el alemán, el francés y el romanche). Es, además, lengua cooficial, con el croata, en el Condado de Istria (Croacia), y con el esloveno en los municipios costeros del Litoral esloveno. En Somalia el uso del italiano como segunda lengua, junto al inglés, está regulado por la constitución transitoria de 2004 (art.6). El italiano es usado también, como primera o segunda lengua, por varios millones de inmigrantes italianos y sus descendientes esparcidos por el mundo, sobre todo en Europa. Se calcula que en el año 2006 unos 64 millones de ciudadanos comunitarios hablaban el italiano como lengua materna y 14,7 milliones como segunda o tercera lengua Núcleos consistentes de italófonos se encuentran también en las Américas y, en menor medida, en África y Australia (escasa la presencia en Asia).

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

Italian ( [itaˈljaːno] or lingua italiana [ˈliŋɡwa itaˈljaːna]) is a Romance language. It is the second-closest to Latin in terms of vocabulary after Sardinian. Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, and Istria (in Slovenia and Croatia). It used to have official status in Albania, Malta and Monaco, where it is still widely spoken, as well as in former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa regions where it plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and by small minorities in places such as Crimea, France (especially in Corsica), Belgium, Montenegro and Tunisia. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages. Italian is a major European language, being one of the official languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe and one of the working languages of the Council of Europe. It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers (13% of the EU population) and it is spoken as a second language by 14 million EU citizens (3%). Including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries (such as Switzerland and Albania) and on other continents, the total number of speakers is around 85 million. Italian is the main working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and opera. Its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market. Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world. Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy and is based on Tuscan, which beforehand was a language spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was also influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent, by the Germanic languages of the post-Roman invaders. Unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latin's contrast between short and long consonants. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA