La timidez es un estado de ánimo que afecta a las relaciones personales. Se la considera una pauta de comportamiento que limita el desarrollo social de quienes lo experimentan dentro de su vida cotidiana. No es una enfermedad, aunque si no se controla o modera puede llegar a ser patológico. Se considera incorrecto tipificar como enfermedad la timidez, llamándola fobia social según la clasificación DSM-IV. Aunque algunos han malinterpretado el DSM-IV asegurando que declara como trastorno el incumplimiento terapéutico, en dicho manual únicamente se incluye en un anexo final, dentro de los «Problemas adicionales que pueden ser objeto de atención clínica».

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Shyness (also called diffidence) is the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness especially when a person is around other people. This commonly occurs in new situations or with unfamiliar people. Shyness can be a characteristic of people who have low self-esteem. Stronger forms of shyness are usually referred to as social anxiety or social phobia.The primary defining characteristic of shyness is a largely ego-driven fear of what other people will think of a person's behavior. This results in a person becoming scared of doing or saying what they want to out of fear of negative reactions, being laughed at or humiliated, criticism, and/or rejection. A shy person may simply opt to avoid social situations instead. One important aspect of shyness is social skills development. Schools and parents may implicitly assume children are fully capable of effective social interaction. Social skills training is not given any priority (unlike reading and writing) and as a result, shy students are not given an opportunity to develop their ability to participate in class and interact with peers. Teachers can model social skills and ask questions in a less direct and intimidating manner in order to gently encourage shy students to speak up in class, and make friends with other children.

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