En ingeniería se denomina presa o represa a una barrera fabricada de piedra, hormigón o materiales sueltos, que se construye habitualmente en una cerrada o desfiladero sobre un río o arroyo. Tiene la finalidad de embalsar el agua en el cauce fluvial para elevar su nivel con el objetivo de derivarla, mediante canalizaciones de riego, para su aprovechamiento en abastecimiento o regadío, eliminación de avenidas (evitar inundaciones aguas abajo de la presa) o para la producción de energía mecánica al transformar la energía potencial del almacenamiento en energía cinética y esta nuevamente en mecánica y que así se accione un elemento móvil con la fuerza del agua. La energía mecánica puede aprovecharse directamente, como en los antiguos molinos, o de forma indirecta para producir energía eléctrica, como se hace en las centrales hidroeléctricas.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The word dam can be traced back to Middle English, and before that, from Middle Dutch, as seen in the names of many old cities. The first known appearance of dam stems from 1165. However, there is one village, Obdam, that is already mentioned in 1120. The word seems to be related to the Greek word taphos, meaning "grave" or "grave hill". So the word should be understood as "dike from dug out earth". The names of more than 40 places (with minor changes) from the Middle Dutch era (1150–1500 CE) such as Amsterdam (founded as 'Amstelredam' in the late 12th century) and Rotterdam, also bear testimony to the use of the word in Middle Dutch at that time.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA