El término militar hace referencia a los individuos (miembros), instituciones, instalaciones, equipamientos, vehículos y todo aquello que forme parte de forma directa e inseparable de las Fuerzas Armadas o ejército; creado y organizado con la misión fundamental, pero no exclusiva, de defender la integridad territorial y la soberanía del país al que pertenezca por medio del uso de la fuerza y las armas en caso de ser necesario. En referencia a militar como miembro de las fuerzas armadas, este ostentará un puesto jerárquico (rango o grado) dentro de ellas. Por lo tanto no es militar un individuo que pertenezca a un grupo armado más o menos organizado, sino sólo los miembros de las fuerzas armadas, sean estas mayoritariamente profesionales o formadas por ciudadanos reclutados (caso de la leva). Dichas fuerzas «no militares» se conocen como paramilitares. La doctrina que defiende la primacía del ejército en la sociedad recibe el nombre de militarismo.

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The military, also called the armed forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state. The military may also have additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within a society, including, the promotion of a political agenda, protecting corporate economic interests, internal population control, construction, emergency services, social ceremonies, and guarding important areas. The military can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society, through the development of separate infrastructures, which may include housing, schools, utilities, food production and banking. The profession of soldiering as part of a military is older than recorded history itself. Some of the most enduring images of the classical antiquity portray the power and feats of its military leaders. The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BC was one of the defining points of Pharaoh Ramesses II's reign and is celebrated in bas-relief on his monuments. A thousand years later the first emperor of unified China, Qin Shi Huang, was so determined to impress the gods with his military might that he was buried with an army of terracotta soldiers. The Romans were dedicated to military matters, leaving to posterity many treatises and writings as well as a large number of lavishly carved triumphal arches and victory columns.

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