El derecho de autor es un conjunto de normas jurídicas y principios que afirman los derechos morales y patrimoniales que la ley concede a los autores (los derechos de autor), por el solo hecho de la creación de una obra literaria, artística, musical, científica o didáctica, esté publicada o inédita. La legislación sobre derechos de autor en Occidente se inicia en 1710 con el Estatuto de la Reina Ana. Se reconoce que los derechos de autor son uno de los derechos humanos fundamentales en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos. En el derecho anglosajón se utiliza la noción de copyright (traducido literalmente como ‘derecho de copia’) que —por lo general— comprende la parte patrimonial de los derechos de autor (derechos patrimoniales). Una obra pasa al dominio público cuando los derechos patrimoniales han expirado. Esto sucede habitualmente trascurrido un plazo desde la muerte del autor (post mortem auctoris). El plazo mínimo, a nivel mundial, es de 50 años y está establecido en el Convenio de Berna. Muchos países han extendido ese plazo ampliamente. Por ejemplo, en el Derecho europeo, son 70 años desde la muerte del autor. Una vez pasado ese tiempo, dicha obra entonces puede ser utilizada en forma libre, respetando los derechos morales.

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Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves. Copyright is a form of intellectual property, applicable to certain forms of creative work. Some, but not all jurisdictions require "fixing" copyrighted works in a tangible form. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rightsholders. These rights frequently include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and "moral rights" such as attribution. Copyrights are considered territorial rights, which means that they do not extend beyond the territory of a specific jurisdiction. While many aspects of national copyright laws have been standardized through international copyright agreements, copyright laws vary by country. Typically, the duration of a copyright spans the author's life plus 50 to 100 years (that is, copyright typically expires 50 to 100 years after the author dies, depending on the jurisdiction). Some countries require certain copyright formalities to establishing copyright, but most recognize copyright in any completed work, without formal registration. Generally, copyright is enforced as a civil matter, though some jurisdictions do apply criminal sanctions. Most jurisdictions recognize copyright limitations, allowing "fair" exceptions to the creator's exclusivity of copyright and giving users certain rights. The development of digital media and computer network technologies have prompted reinterpretation of these exceptions, introduced new difficulties in enforcing copyright, and inspired additional challenges to copyright law's philosophic basis. Simultaneously, businesses with great economic dependence upon copyright, such as those in the music business, have advocated the extension and expansion of copyright and sought additional legal and technological enforcement.

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