El miedo o temor es una emoción caracterizada por una intensa sensación desagradable provocada por la percepción de un peligro, real o supuesto, presente, futuro o incluso pasado. Es una emoción primaria que se deriva de la aversión natural al riesgo o la amenaza, y se manifiesta en todos los animales, lo que incluye al ser humano. La máxima expresión del miedo es el terror. Además el miedo está relacionado con la ansiedad. Existe miedo real cuando su dimensión está en correspondencia con la dimensión de la amenaza. Existe miedo neurótico cuando la intensidad del ataque de miedo no tiene ninguna relación con el peligro. Ambos, miedo real y miedo neurótico, fueron términos definidos por Sigmund Freud en su teoría del miedo. En la actualidad existen dos conceptos diferentes sobre el miedo, que corresponden a las dos grandes teorías psicológicas que tenemos: el conductismo y la psicología profunda. Según el concepto conductista el miedo es algo aprendido. El modelo de la psicología profunda es completamente distinto. En este caso, el miedo existente corresponde a un conflicto básico inconsciente y no resuelto, al que hace referencia.

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Fear is a feeling induced by perceived danger or threat that occurs in certain types of organisms, which causes a change in metabolic and organ functions and ultimately a change in behavior, such as fleeing, hiding, or freezing from perceived traumatic events. Fear in human beings may occur in response to a specific stimulus occurring in the present, or in anticipation or expectation of a future threat perceived as a risk to body or life. The fear response arises from the perception of danger leading to confrontation with or escape from/avoiding the threat (also known as the fight-or-flight response), which in extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) can be a freeze response or paralysis. In humans and animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning. Thus fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia. Psychologists such as John B. Watson, Robert Plutchik, and Paul Ekman have suggested that there is only a small set of basic or innate emotions and that fear is one of them. This hypothesized set includes such emotions as acute stress reaction, anger, angst, anxiety, fright, horror, joy, panic, and sadness. Fear is closely related to, but should be distinguished from, the emotion anxiety, which occurs as the result of threats that are perceived to be uncontrollable or unavoidable. The fear response serves survival by generating appropriate behavioral responses, so it has been preserved throughout evolution.

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