La música tradicional o música folclórica es la música que se transmite de generación en generación por vía oral (y hoy día también de manera académica) como una parte más de los valores y de la cultura de un pueblo. Así pues, tiene un marcado carácter étnico que normalmente no la hace fácil de comprender a escala internacional. No obstante, existen excepciones notables como el flamenco, la jota, el tango, la Cueca, la samba, cumbia colombiana y, en general, todos los ritmos latinos que hayan mantenido cierta entidad propia con el tiempo y sean algo más que una moda. Otros nombres con los que se conoce a este tipo de música son música étnica, música regional, música típica, y en ocasiones también música popular o música folk, aunque estas dos últimas denominaciones pueden inducir a confusión al tener ya otro significado.

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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Some types of folk music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, or as music with unknown composers. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. One meaning often given is that of old songs with no known composers; another is music that has been transmitted and evolved by a process of oral transmission or performed by custom over a long period of time. Starting in the mid-20th century a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is sometimes called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times, but the term folk music has typically not been applied to the new music created during those revivals. This type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, in English it shares the same name, and it often shares the same performers and venues as traditional folk music. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two.

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