Un empréstito es una forma de captar dinero del público por parte de las entidades de crédito, que emiten en este caso un conjunto de valores en serie que la gente puede comprar. A cambio, la entidad se compromete a devolver el dinero en el plazo y con los intereses pactados. Se parece a un depósito a plazo fijo, pero la diferencia reside en que en un empréstito la deuda que asume la entidad está representada por un valor cuya propiedad puede ser transmitida libremente, a saber, que se puede comprar o vender. Estos valores se llaman títulos de renta fija, porque quienes los poseen reciben unos intereses fijados de antemano, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con la renta variable. No solo las entidades de crédito emiten renta fija, sino también otras empresas tales como compañías eléctricas, de autopistas o de telecomunicaciones. El Estado a través del Tesoro Público también emite empréstitos que llama Deuda Pública.

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(For other uses, see Loan (disambiguation).) In finance, a loan is the lending of money from one individual, organization or entity to another individual, organization or entity. A loan is a debt provided by an entity (organization or individual) to another entity at an interest rate, and evidenced by a promissory note which specifies, among other things, the principal amount of money borrowed, the interest rate the lender is charging, and date of repayment. A loan entails the reallocation of the subject asset(s) for a period of time, between the lender and the borrower. In a loan, the borrower initially receives or borrows an amount of money, called the principal, from the lender, and is obligated to pay back or repay an equal amount of money to the lender at a later time. The loan is generally provided at a cost, referred to as interest on the debt, which provides an incentive for the lender to engage in the loan. In a legal loan, each of these obligations and restrictions is enforced by contract, which can also place the borrower under additional restrictions known as loan covenants. Although this article focuses on monetary loans, in practice any material object might be lent. Acting as a provider of loans is one of the principal tasks for financial institutions such as banks and credit card companies. For other institutions, issuing of debt contracts such as bonds is a typical source of funding.

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