El autorretrato se define como un retrato hecho de la misma persona que lo pinta. Es uno de los ejercicios de análisis más profundos que puede hacer un artista. Implica escrutarse el rostro y conocerse hasta tal punto que la expresión que tenga en ese momento se traduzca en el dibujo o la pintura que aborda.En épocas pictóricas como el barroco o el renacimiento, una de las costumbres era que el artista se autorretratara dentro de un gran cuadro, para reafirmar su autoría o para dar a entender sus intenciones, como lo hizo Velázquez. Un autorretrato no necesariamente implica un género realista. Tampoco implica necesariamente el término asociado a la pintura. Existe como recurso literario, muy próximo a la prosopografía y la etopeya.

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A self-portrait is a representation of an artist that is drawn, painted, photographed, or sculpted by that artist. Although self-portraits have been made since the earliest times, it is not until the Early Renaissance in the mid-15th century that artists can be frequently identified depicting themselves as either the main subject, or as important characters in their work. With better and cheaper mirrors, and the advent of the panel portrait, many painters, sculptors and printmakers tried some form of self-portraiture. Portrait of a Man in a Turban by Jan van Eyck of 1433 may well be the earliest known panel self-portrait. He painted a separate portrait of his wife, and he belonged to the social group that had begun to commission portraits, already more common among wealthy Netherlanders than south of the Alps. The genre is venerable, but not until the Renaissance, with increased wealth and interest in the individual as a subject, did it become truly popular.

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