La evasión fiscal, evasión tributaria o evasión de impuestos (tax evasion en inglés) es una actividad ilícita y habitualmente está contemplada como delito o como infracción administrativa en la mayoría de los ordenamientos. Es un acto ilegal que consiste en ocultar bienes o ingresos con el fin de pagar menos impuestos. El dinero negro es todo aquel que ha evadido el pago de gravámenes fiscales. Son ganancias obtenidas en actividades ilegales o legales, pero que se evita declararlas a Hacienda para evadir los impuestos. Se intenta mantenerlo en efectivo, y no ingresarlo en entidades financieras, para que no figure registrado en los movimientos bancarios y el Estado no tenga conocimiento de su existencia.[cita requerida]

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Tax evasion is the illegal evasion of taxes by individuals, corporations, and trusts. Tax evasion often entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability and includes dishonest tax reporting, such as declaring less income, profits or gains than the amounts actually earned, or overstating deductions. Tax evasion is an activity commonly associated with the informal economy. One measure of the extent of tax evasion (the "tax gap") is the amount of unreported income, which is the difference between the amount of income that should be reported to the tax authorities and the actual amount reported. In contrast, tax avoidance is the legal use of tax laws to reduce one's tax burden. Both tax evasion and avoidance can be viewed as forms of tax noncompliance, as they describe a range of activities that intend to subvert a state's tax system, although such classification of tax avoidance is not indisputable, given that avoidance is lawful, within self-creating systems.

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