Presunción: hecho cierto,conocido y demostrable. Se denomina presunción, en Derecho, a una ficción jurídica a través de la cual se establece un mecanismo legal automático, que considera que un determinado hecho, o un determinado acontecimiento, se entiende probado simplemente por darse los presupuestos para ello. La presunción de hechos y derechos, faculta a los sujetos a cuyo favor se da, a prescindir de la prueba de aquello que se presume cierto ope legis. Todo esto favorece de entrada a una de las partes del juicio (el que se beneficia de la presunción) que normalmente es el que se encuentra en una posición defensiva, y cuya verdad formal presumida, tendrá que ser destruida aportando para ello pruebas en contra, por quien sostenga otra verdad distinta a la presumida. (Por ejemplo, en los hijos nacidos durante el matrimonio, se presume la paternidad del marido, o los bienes muebles se presume que pertenecen a aquel que los tenga en posesión).

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In the law of evidence, a presumption of a particular fact can be made without the aid of proof in some situations. The types of presumption include a rebuttable discretionary presumption, a rebuttable mandatory presumption, and an irrebuttable or conclusive presumption. The invocation of a presumption shifts the burden of proof from one party to the opposing party in a court trial. Presumptions are sometimes categorized into two types: presumptions without basic facts, and presumptions with basic facts. In the United States, mandatory presumptions are impermissible in criminal cases, but permissible presumptions are allowed. The ancient Jewish law code, the Talmud, included reasoning from presumptions (hazakah), propositions taken to be true unless there was reason to believe otherwise, such as "One does not ordinarily pay a debt before term." The same concept was found in ancient Roman law, where, for example, if there was doubt as to whether a child was really the issue of someone who had left money in a will, the presumption was in favour of the child. Medieval Roman and canon law graded presumptions according to strength: light, medium or probable, and violent. These gradings and many individual presumptions were taken over into English law in the seventeenth century by Edward Coke. There are two types of presumption: rebuttable presumption and conclusive presumption.An example of presumption without basic facts is presumption of innocence. An example of presumption with basic facts is Declared death in absentia, e.g., the law says if a person has been missing for seven years or more (basic fact), that person is presumed dead.

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