Un paro cardiorrespiratorio (PCR) es la detención de la respiración y del latido cardíaco en un individuo. Puede ocurrir por diversas causas, algunas de las más típicas son ahogo por inmersión o choque eléctrico, efectos de anestesia y otros fármacos, esfuerzo físico muy extremo. Implica la detención de la circulación de la sangre y por lo tanto implica la detención del suministro de oxígeno al cerebro.Si un paciente entra en este estado la muerte es inminente, por lo tanto requiere de intervención inmediata a través de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP). Esto es: masaje cardíaco y respiración artificial. Junto con iniciar el RCP se debe avisar inmediatamente a los servicios de emergencia más cercanos, y no se debe abandonar el RCP en ningún momento sin la indicación de un médico calificado. A veces, se habla simplemente de paro circulatorio o de paro cardíaco.

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Cardiac arrest is a sudden stop in effective blood flow due to the failure of the heart to contract effectively. Symptoms include loss of consciousness and abnormal or absent breathing. Some people may have chest pain, shortness of breath, or nausea before this occurs. If not treated within minutes death usually occurs. The most common cause of cardiac arrest is coronary artery disease. Less common causes include major blood loss, lack of oxygen, very low potassium, heart failure, and intense physical exercise. A number of inherited disorders may also increase the risk including long QT syndrome. The initial heart rhythm is most often ventricular fibrillation. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding no pulse. While a cardiac arrest may be caused by heart attack or heart failure these are not the same. Prevention includes not smoking, physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. Treatment for cardiac arrest is immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and if a shockable rhythm is present defibrillation. Among those who survive targeted temperature management may improve outcomes. An implantable cardiac defibrillator may be placed to reduce the chance of death from recurrence. In the United States cardiac arrest outside of hospital occurs in about 13 per 10,000 people per year (326,000 cases). In hospital cardiac arrest occurs in an additional 209,000 Cardiac arrest becomes more common with age. It affects males more often than females. The percentage of people that survive with treatment is about 8%. Many who survive have significant disability.

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