Moisés es una figura importante para el judaísmo, el cristianismo, el islam y el bahaísmo, donde se lo venera como profeta, legislador y líder espiritual. Es un hebreo, que creció como un príncipe egipcio. En hebreo su nombre es Moshé (מֹשֶׁה) y en árabe se lo conoce como Musa (موسىٰ). Las referencias fundamentales acerca de Moisés se hallan en las Sagradas Escrituras del monoteísmo (Torá, Antiguo Testamento, Corán). Para el judaísmo, Moisés es el hombre encomendado por Dios para liberar al pueblo hebreo de la esclavitud en Egipto y conducir el Éxodo hacia la Tierra prometida, siendo por ello el primer profeta y legislador de Israel.Según la tradición bíblica, Moisés era descendiente de Leví, transmitió la Ley al pueblo hebreo y sentó las bases para el sacerdocio y el culto israelita.La tradición judeocristiana atribuye a Moisés la autoría de los cinco primeros libros bíblicos (Pentateuco).En cuanto a evidencia material extra-bíblica acerca de Moisés, los arqueólogos carecen de ella. Fuera del marco de la creencia, la falta de objetos que permitirían corroborar o incluso evaluar la validez de los textos bíblicos, genera hipótesis y conjeturas diversas.

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Moses (/ˈmoʊzɪz, -zɪs/; Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה‎‎, Modern Moshe Tiberian Mōšéh ISO 259-3 Moše; Syriac: ܡܘܫܐ‎ Moushe; Arabic: موسى‎‎ Mūsā; Greek: Mωϋσῆς Mōÿsēs in both the Septuagint and the New Testament) is a prophet in Abrahamic religions. According to the Hebrew Bible, he was a former Egyptian prince who later in life became a religious leader and lawgiver, to whom the authorship of the Torah, or acquisition of the Torah from Heaven is traditionally attributed. Also called Moshe Rabbenu in Hebrew (מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ, lit. "Moses our Teacher"), he is the most important prophet in Judaism. He is also an important prophet in Christianity, Islam, Bahá'ísm as well as a number of other faiths. According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a time when his people, the Israelites, an enslaved minority, were increasing in numbers and the Egyptian Pharaoh was worried that they might ally themselves with Egypt's enemies. Moses' Hebrew mother, Jochebed, secretly hid him when the Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed in order to reduce the population of the Israelites. Through the Pharaoh's daughter (identified as Queen Bithia in the Midrash), the child was adopted as a foundling from the Nile river and grew up with the Egyptian royal family. After killing an Egyptian slavemaster (because the slavemaster was smiting a Hebrew to death), Moses fled across the Red Sea to Midian, where he encountered The Angel of the Lord, speaking to him from within a burning bush on Mount Horeb (which he regarded as the Mountain of God). God sent Moses back to Egypt to demand the release of the Israelites from slavery. Moses said that he could not speak with assurance or eloquence, so God allowed Aaron, his brother, to become his spokesperson. After the Ten Plagues, Moses led the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, after which they based themselves at Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments. After 40 years of wandering in the desert, Moses died within sight of the Promised Land. According to archaeologist William G. Dever, scholarly consensus sees Moses as a legendary figure and not a historical person. Archaeological evidence does not support a mass-migration from Egypt, as described in the Bible. Rabbinical Judaism calculated a lifespan of Moses corresponding to 1391–1271 (120 years) BCE; Jerome gives 1592 BCE, and James Ussher 1571 BCE as his birth year.

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