La electrónica es la rama de la física y especialización de la ingeniería, que estudia y emplea sistemas cuyo funcionamiento se basa en la conducción y el control del flujo de los electrones u otras partículas cargadas eléctricamente. Utiliza una gran variedad de conocimientos, materiales y dispositivos, desde los semiconductores hasta las válvulas termoiónicas. El diseño y la gran construcción de circuitos electrónicos para resolver problemas prácticos forman parte de la electrónica y de los campos de la ingeniería electrónica, electromecánica y la informática en el diseño de software para su control. El estudio de nuevos dispositivos semiconductores y su tecnología se suele considerar una rama de la física, más concretamente en la rama de ingeniería de materiales.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

Electronics is the science of controlling electrical energy electrically, in which the electrons have a fundamental role. Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, associated passive electrical components, and interconnection technologies. Commonly, electronic devices contain circuitry consisting primarily or exclusively of active semiconductors supplemented with passive elements; such a circuit is described as an electronic circuit. The science of Electronics is also considered to be a branch of Physics and Electrical Engineering. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible, and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunication, and signal processing. The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system. Electronics is distinct from electrical and electro-mechanical science and technology, which deal with the generation, distribution, switching, storage, and conversion of electrical energy to and from other energy forms using wires, motors, generators, batteries, switches, relays, transformers, resistors, and other passive components. This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode, which made electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals possible with a non-mechanical device. Until 1950 this field was called "radio technology" because its principal application was the design and theory of radio transmitters, receivers, and vacuum tubes. Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of solid-state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronics engineering. This article focuses on engineering aspects of electronics.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA