La atracción sexual hace referencia a la capacidad para atraer el interés sexual de potenciales parejas reproductivas. En el ser humano se entiende como la habilidad para generar interés erótico en otras personas. Recientemente un estudio coordinado por Jim Pfaus, profesor de neurociencia y psicología de la Universidad Concordia (Canadá) (Concordia University) y en el que han participado especialistas de la Universidad de Siracusa (Syracuse University), Universidad de Virginia Occidental (West Virginia University) y del Hospital universitario de Ginebra (Suiza) (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève) y publicado en el Journal of Sexual Medicine han descubierto que en el sistema límbico, incluyendo el hipocampo y la amígdala, es decir, situado en la arquicorteza, es donde se localiza tan poderoso proceso fisio-psicológico. En este sentido, la atracción puede ser potenciada por elementos tales como la vestimenta, los olores (p. ej. perfume), forma de moverse, etc. Según los resultados actuales, existen componentes genéticos, psicológicos y culturales, entre otros, tanto en los estímulos que generan atracción física y sexual como en las respuestas manifiestas de atracción.

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Sexual attraction is attraction on the basis of sexual desire or the quality of arousing such interest. Sexual attractiveness or sex appeal is an individual's ability to attract the sexual or erotic interest of another person, and is a factor in sexual selection or mate choice. The attraction can be to the physical or other qualities or traits of a person, or to such qualities in the context in which they appear. The attraction may be to a person's aesthetics or movements or to their voice or smell, besides other factors. The attraction may be enhanced by a person's adornments, clothing, perfume or style. It can also be influenced by individual genetic, psychological, or cultural factors, or to other, more amorphous qualities of the person. Sexual attraction is also a response to another person that depends on a combination of the person possessing the traits and also on the criteria of the person who is attracted. Though attempts have been made to devise objective criteria of sexual attractiveness, and measure it as one of several bodily forms of capital asset (see erotic capital), a person's sexual attractiveness is to a large extent a subjective measure dependent on another person's interest, perception, and sexual orientation. For example, a gay or lesbian person would typically find a person of the same sex to be more attractive than one of the other sex. A bisexual person would find either sex to be attractive. Asexuality refers to those who do not experience sexual attraction for either sex, though they may have romantic attraction (homoromantic, biromantic or heteroromantic) and/or a non-directed libido. Interpersonal attraction includes factors such as physical or psychological similarity, familiarity or possessing a preponderance of common or familiar features, similarity, complementarity, reciprocal liking, and reinforcement. The ability of a person's physical and other qualities to create a sexual interest in others is the basis of their use in advertising, film, and other visual media, as well as in modeling and other occupations. In evolutionary terms, it is thought that female humans exhibit different sexual behaviours and desires at different points in their menstrual cycle, as a means to ensure that they attract a high quality mate to copulate with during the most fertile period of the menstrual cycle. Differing hormone levels throughout the menstrual cycle affect a woman's overt behaviours, influencing the way a woman presents herself to others during different stages of her menstrual cycle, in attempt to attract high quality mates the closer the woman is to ovulation.

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