El estudio de la historia del arte es la disciplina académica cuyo objeto son las obras de arte en su desarrollo histórico y contexto estilístico (género, diseño, formato y apariencia), y los artistas en su contexto cultural y social. Mediante diversos métodos de estudio, analiza fundamentalmente las artes visuales (pintura, escultura y arquitectura), y menos frecuentemente también otras bellas artes (música, danza, literatura), artes industriales y oficios artísticos (orfebrería, mobiliario, historia del vestido, etc.). En una definición amplia, los estudios de historia del arte incluyen la crítica de arte (aplicada al aprecio contemporáneo de las producciones de arte implicadas en el mercado de arte y en las exhibiciones artísticas -museística, galerismo, comisariado artístico de exposiciones, ferias, espacios, o instalaciones artísticas-) y la teoría del arte (expresión de la estética y de su evolución histórica -historia de la estética-); de un modo restringido, se identifican con la historiografía del arte o de la historia del arte, es decir, con la rama de la historiografía que se ocupa de la producción historiográfica de los historiadores del arte, científicos cuya ciencia es la historia del arte, una ciencia social derivada de la propia historia. Ernst Gombrich observó que el campo de la historia del arte se parece a la Galia de César, dividida en tres partes habitadas por tribus diferentes, aunque no necesariamente hostiles: los "connoisseurs" [conocedores, aficionados], los críticos y los historiadores de arte académicos. El imposible deslindamiento de estos campos, y la estrecha vinculación entre intereses económicos, modas intelectuales y juicios estéticos dependientes del gusto artístico, hacen que el problema de la objetividad sea mucho más agudo en los estudios de historia del arte que en otros campos de la historiografía o de las ciencias sociales, siendo éstas ya de por sí más subjetivas que las ciencias físico-naturales. El lenguaje utilizado en parte de la producción literaria que trata sobre arte, en ocasiones tiende a descuidar el rigor formal y la precisión metodológica propia de los textos científicos, en beneficio de la propia calidad estética de lo escrito, o cae en vicios como la hipérbole (ponderación exagerada de las cualidades o búsqueda de parangones, similitudes y relaciones improbables) y la mistificación (ocultamiento, falseamiento o incluso invención de datos).

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Art history is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e. genre, design, format, and style. This includes the "major" arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture as well as the "minor" arts of ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects. As a term, art history (also history of art) encompasses several methods of studying the visual arts; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture. Aspects of the discipline overlap. As the art historian Ernst Gombrich once observed, "the field of art history [is] much like Caesar's Gaul, divided in three parts inhabited by three different, though not necessarily hostile tribes: (i) the connoisseurs, (ii) the critics, and (iii) the academic art historians". As a discipline, art history is distinguished from art criticism, which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of comparable style, or sanctioning an entire style or movement; and art theory or "philosophy of art", which is concerned with the fundamental nature of art. One branch of this area of study is aesthetics, which includes investigating the enigma of the sublime and determining the essence of beauty. Technically, art history is not these things, because the art historian uses historical method to answer the questions: How did the artist come to create the work?, Who were the patrons?, Who were his or her teachers?, Who was the audience?, Who were his or her disciples?, What historical forces shaped the artist's oeuvre, and How did he or she and the creation, in turn, affect the course of artistic, political, and social events? It is, however, questionable whether many questions of this kind can be answered satisfactorily without also considering basic questions about the nature of art. Unfortunately the current disciplinary gap between art history and the philosophy of art (aesthetics) often hinders this inquiry. Art history is not only a biographical endeavor. Art historians often root their studies in the scrutiny of individual objects. They thus attempt to answer in historically specific ways, questions such as: What are key features of this style?, What meaning did this object convey?, How does it function visually?, Did the artist meet their goals well?, What symbols are involved?, and Does it function discursively? The historical backbone of the discipline is a celebratory chronology of beautiful creations commissioned by public or religious bodies or wealthy individuals in western Europe. Such a "canon" remains prominent, as indicated by the selection of objects present in art history textbooks. Nonetheless, since the 20th century there has been an effort to re-define the discipline to be more inclusive of non-Western art, art made by women, and vernacular creativity.

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