Una historieta es una serie de dibujos que constituyen un relato, con o sin texto, así como al medio de comunicación en su conjunto. Partiendo de la concepción de Will Eisner de esta narrativa gráfica como un arte secuencial, Scott McCloud llega a la siguiente definición: ‘Ilustraciones yuxtapuestas y otras imágenes en secuencia deliberada con el propósito de transmitir información u obtener una respuesta estética del lector’. Sin embargo, no todos los teóricos están de acuerdo con esta definición, la más popular en la actualidad, dado que permite la inclusión de la fotonovela y, en cambio, ignora el denominado humor gráfico. El interés por la historieta «puede tener muy variadas motivaciones, desde el interés estético al sociológico, de la nostalgia al oportunismo». Durante buena parte de su historia fue considerado incluso un subproducto cultural, apenas digno de otro análisis que no fuera el sociológico, hasta que en la década de 1960 se asiste a su reivindicación artística, de tal forma que Morris y luego Francis Lacassin han propuesto considerarlo como el noveno arte, aunque en realidad sea anterior a aquellas disciplinas a las que habitualmente se les atribuyen las condiciones de octavo (fotografía, de 1825) y séptimo (cine, de 1886). Seguramente, sean este último medio y la literatura los que más la hayan influido, pero no hay que olvidar tampoco que «su particular estética ha salido de las viñetas para alcanzar a la publicidad, el diseño, la moda y, no digamos, el cine». Las historietas suelen realizarse sobre papel, o en forma digital (e-comic, webcómics y similares), pudiendo constituir una simple tira en la prensa, una página completa, una revista o un libro (álbum, novela gráfica o tankōbon). Han sido cultivadas en casi todos los países y abordan multitud de géneros. Al profesional o aficionado que las guioniza, dibuja, rotula o colorea se le conoce como historietista.

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Comics is a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing. Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Common forms of comics include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comic albums, and tankōbon have become increasingly common, and online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century. The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin. American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning (manga) propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. Comics has had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia. The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also for non-humorous works. It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics, or bandes dessinées for French-language comics. There is no consensus amongst theorists and historians on a definition of comics; some emphasize the combination of images and text, some sequentiality or other image relations, and others historical aspects such as mass reproduction or the use of recurring characters. The increasing cross-pollination of concepts from different comics cultures and eras has further made definition difficult.

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