La literatura, en su sentido más amplio, es cualquier trabajo escrito; aunque algunas definiciones incluyen textos hablados o cantados. En un sentido más restringido y tradicional, es la escritura que posee mérito literario y que privilegia la literariedad, en oposición al lenguaje ordinario. El término literatura designa también al conjunto de producciones literarias de una nación, de una época o incluso de un género (la literatura griega, la literatura del siglo XVIII, la literatura fantástica, etc.) y al conjunto de obras que versan sobre un arte o una ciencia (literatura médica, jurídica, etc.). En términos artísticos, la literatura es el arte de la palabra, ya sea palabra oral o escrita. Es estudiada por la teoría literaria.

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Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of written works. More restrictively, it is writing considered as an art form, or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera: letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre). The concept has changed meaning over time: nowadays it can broaden to have non-written verbal art forms, and thus it is difficult to agree on its origin, which can be paired with that of language or writing itself. Developments in print technology have allowed an evergrowing distribution and proliferation of written works, culminating in electronic literature.

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