La detención es una medida cautelar personal que consiste en la privación temporal de la libertad ambulatoria ordenada por una autoridad competente. Tiene como finalidad la que establece la ley que, normalmente, consiste en la puesta a disposición de una persona ante el juez. Entre las causas que dan lugar a la detención se encuentran haber cometido un delito o ser sospechoso de ello, quebrantado su condena, fugado estando detenido o en prisión preventiva, o porque de otra manera su comparecencia judicial se pudiere ver demorada o dificultada. Habitualmente existen límites y requisitos legales, como plazos y formas, que es necesario cumplir. La diferencia entre la detención y el secuestro está en el sujeto que realiza la privación de la libertad. En el caso de la detención, la realiza una autoridad o un particular en el ejercicio de sus competencias.

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Detention is the process when a state or private citizen lawfully holds a person by removing his or her freedom of liberty at that time. This can be due to (pending) criminal charges being raised against the individual as part of a prosecution or to protect a person or property. Being detained does not always result in being taken to a particular area (generally called a detention centre), either for interrogation, or as punishment for a crime (see prison). The term can also be used in reference to the holding of property, for the same reasons. The process of detainment may or may not have been preceded or followed with an arrest. The prisoners in Guantánamo Bay are for example referred to as "detainees". Detainee is a term used by certain governments and their armed forces to refer to individuals held in custody, such as those it does not classify and treat as either prisoners of war or suspects in criminal cases. It is used to refer to "any person captured or otherwise detained by an armed force." More generally, it is "someone held in custody." Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that, "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile." In wars between nations, detainees are referenced in the Fourth Geneva Convention.

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