Pesimismo (del latín pessimum, "lo peor"), es un estado de ánimo y una doctrina filosófica que sostiene (invirtiendo la tesis leibniziana) que vivimos en el peor de los mundos posibles, un mundo donde el dolor es perpetuo (Schopenhauer) y nuestro destino es tratar de obtener lo que nunca tendremos. El pesimismo niega el progreso de la civilización y de la naturaleza humana. Desde el punto de vista psicológico, constituye uno de los rasgos o síntomas más señalados de la enfermedad conocida como depresión.

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Pessimism is a state of mind in which one anticipates undesirable outcomes or believes that the evil or hardships in life outweigh the good or luxuries. Value judgments may vary dramatically between individuals, even when judgments of fact are undisputed. The most common example of this phenomenon is the "Is the glass half empty or half full?" situation. The degree in which situations like these are evaluated as something good or something bad can be described in terms of one's optimism or pessimism respectively. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking. Philosophical pessimism is the related idea that views the world in a strictly anti-optimistic fashion. This form of pessimism is not an emotional disposition as the term commonly connotes. Instead, it is a philosophy or worldview that directly challenges the notion of progress and what may be considered the faith-based claims of optimism. Philosophical pessimists are often existential nihilists believing that life has no intrinsic meaning or value. Their responses to this situation however are widely varied and are often life-affirming.

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