El indulto es una causa de extinción de la responsabilidad penal, que supone el perdón de la pena. Es una situación diferente a la amnistía, que supone el perdón del delito, ya que por el indulto la persona sigue siendo culpable, pero se le ha perdonado el cumplimiento de la pena. El indulto puede ser total o parcial. A su vez puede ser general y particular. \n* El indulto total comprende la remisión de todas las penas a que hubiere sido condenado el reo y que aún no hubieren sido cumplidas. \n* El indulto parcial supone la remisión de alguna o algunas de las penas impuestas o su conmutación por otras menos graves.

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A pardon is a government decision to allow a person who has been convicted of a crime, to be free and absolved of that conviction, as if never convicted. Today, pardons are granted in many countries when individuals have demonstrated that they have fulfilled their debt to society, or are otherwise considered to be deserving. Pardons are sometimes offered to persons who are wrongfully convicted or who claim they have been wrongfully convicted. In some jurisdictions, accepting such a pardon implicitly constitutes an admission of guilt (see Burdick v. United States in the United States), so in some cases the offer is refused. Cases of wrongful conviction are nowadays more often dealt with by appeal than by pardon; however, a pardon is sometimes offered when innocence is undisputed to avoid the costs of a retrial. Clemency plays a very important role when capital punishment is applied.

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