La guerra de trincheras o guerra de posición es una forma de hacer la guerra, en la cual los ejércitos combatientes mantienen líneas estáticas de fortificaciones cavadas en el suelo y denominadas trincheras. La guerra de trincheras surgió a partir de una revolución en las armas de fuego. Hubo períodos de guerra de trincheras en la guerra de Secesión (1861-1865) y en la guerra ruso-japonesa de 1904-1905, pero llegó a su punto máximo de brutalidad y mortalidad en el Frente Occidental de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Alcanzaban una profundidad de entre uno y dos metros, y se conectaban con otros para mayor movilidad de los bloques de combate.

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Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I. It has become a byword for stalemate, attrition, sieges and futility in conflict. Trench warfare occurred when a revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling form of warfare in which the defender held the advantage. On the Western Front in 1914–18, both sides constructed elaborate trench and dugout systems opposing each other along a front, protected from assault by barbed wire, mines, and other obstacles. The area between opposing trench lines (known as "no man's land") was fully exposed to artillery fire from both sides. Attacks, even if successful, often sustained severe casualties. With the development of armoured warfare, emphasis on trench warfare has declined, but still occurs where battle-lines become static.

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