El patinaje artístico sobre hielo consiste en interpretar una pieza musical patinando sobre una pista de hielo y realizando piruetas, giros, saltos y acrobacias; estos elementos son valorados por unos jueces siguiendo un código de puntuación que tiene en cuenta tanto el aspecto técnico y atlético de la actuación como la interpretación artística. Aunque el patinaje con fines recreativos se practica desde hace varios siglos, el patinaje artístico surgió en el siglo XIX y experimentó varios desarrollos técnicos y estilísticos hasta alcanzar su forma actual. La Unión Internacional de Patinaje sobre Hielo gobierna el deporte y organiza competiciones internacionales en las modalidades de patinaje artístico individual, de parejas, danza sobre hielo y patinaje sincronizado. El patinaje artístico sobre hielo es un deporte de invierno, aunque se suele practicar durante todo el año. El patinaje de competición requiere una buena preparación física y un entrenamiento intensivo.

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Figure skating is a sport and activity in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908. The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating and four skating. From novice through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves. The blade has a groove on the bottom creating two distinct edges — inside and outside. In figure skating, the skater should glide on one edge of the blade and not on both at the same time, which is referred to as a flat edge. During a spin, skaters use the "sweet spot" of the blade, which is the roundest portion of the blade, just behind the pick and near the middle of the blade. Skates used in single and pair skating have a set of large, jagged teeth called toe picks on the front of the blade. Toe picks are mainly used in the take-off for jumps. Ice dancing blades are an inch shorter in the rear and have smaller toe picks. Figure skaters compete at various levels from beginner up to the Olympic level (senior) at local, regional, national, and international competitions. The International Skating Union (ISU) regulates international figure skating judging and competitions. These include the Winter Olympics, the World Championships, the World Junior Championships, the European Championships, the Four Continents Championships, and the Grand Prix series (senior and junior). The sport is also associated with show business. Major competitions generally conclude with exhibition galas, in which the top skaters from each discipline perform non-competitive programs. Many skaters, both during and after their competitive careers, also skate in ice shows which run during the competitive season and the off-season.

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