Serbia (en serbio: Србија, Srbija, Acerca de este sonido [sř̩bija] (?·i)), de manera oficial la República de Serbia (Acerca de este sonido Република Србија, Republika Srbija (?·i)), es un país soberano, constituido en Estado social y democrático de derecho y cuya forma de gobierno es la república parlamentaria. Situado en la península balcánica, en el sureste de Europa, según su constitución limita con Hungría al norte; con Rumania y Bulgaria al este; con Macedonia y Albania al sur; y con Bosnia y Herzegovina, Croacia y Montenegro al oeste. Su capital y ciudad más poblada es Belgrado. Serbia formó un reino medieval que evolucionó hasta convertirse en un imperio que alcanzó su máxima extensión en el siglo XIV. En el siglo XVI el territorio serbio fue conquistado por el Imperio otomano, al que perteneció hasta el siglo XIX, cuando Serbia recuperó su independencia y expandió su territorio. Tras el fin de la Primera Guerra Mundial Serbia formó junto con otros territorios balcánicos el Reino de Yugoslavia. Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial pasó a ser parte de la República Federal Socialista de Yugoslavia, que terminó desintegrándose tras una serie de guerras en la década de 1990. Finalmente, Serbia se convirtió de nuevo en un Estado independiente en 2006, tras la disolución de la unión de Serbia con Montenegro. El 17 de febrero de 2008, el parlamento provisional de Kosovo, provincia sureña serbia de mayoría étnica albanesa, declaró su independencia de Serbia de forma unilateral. Dicha independencia no es reconocida por el Gobierno serbio, que considera a Kosovo una provincia autónoma propia —denominada oficialmente Provincia Autónoma de Kosovo y Metohija— bajo la administración de Naciones Unidas. Serbia es miembro de Naciones Unidas, de la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa y del Consejo de Europa, cuya presidencia ostentó en 2007. Es uno de los potenciales candidatos para la futura membresía de la Unión Europea y un país militarmente neutral.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

Serbia (/ˈsɜːrbiə/, Serbian: Србија / Srbija, IPA: [sř̩bija]), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija), is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its small territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a transitional character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic and other boundaries. Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe. Following the Slavic migrations to the Balkans from the 6th century onwards, Serbs established several states in the early Middle Ages. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by Rome and the Byzantine Empire in 1217; it reached its peak in 1346 as a relatively short-lived Serbian Empire. By the mid-16th century, the entire modern-day Serbia was annexed by the Ottomans, at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire, which started expanding towards Central Serbia since the end of the 17th century, while maintaining foothold in modern-day Vojvodina. In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory. Following disastrous casualties in World War I, and the subsequent unification of the Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina with Serbia, the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples, which would exist in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. As a result, Serbia formed a union with Montenegro in 1992, which broke apart in 2006, when Serbia again became an independent country. In 2008 the parliament of Kosovo, Serbia's southern province with an Albanian ethnic majority, declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community. Serbia is a member of the UN, CoE, OSCE, PfP, BSEC, and CEFTA. As a membership candidate, Serbia is currently negotiating its EU accession. The country is acceding to the WTO and is a militarily neutral state. Serbia is an upper-middle income economy with dominant service sector, followed by the industrial sector and agriculture. The country ranks high in Social Progress Index (45th) as well as Global Peace Index (46th), relatively high in Human Development Index (66th), and is an economically moderately free country (77th).

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA