Analogía, del griego αναλογíα (ana —reiteración o comparación— y logos,estudio), significa comparación o relación entre varias cosas, razones o conceptos; comparar o relacionar dos o más seres u objetos a través de la razón; señalando características generales y particulares comunes que permiten justificar la existencia de una propiedad en uno, a partir la existencia de dicha propiedad en los otros. En el aspecto lógico, permite comparar un objeto con otros, en sus semejanzas y en sus diferencias. Una analogía permite la deducción de un término desconocido a partir del análisis de la relación que se establece entre dos términos de ella conocidos. La analogía posibilita una vía inductiva de argumentar. Nos permite intentar representar un pensamiento o experiencia respecto a un objeto a través de una comparación de distintas dinámicas o situaciones; dando a entender que éstas comparten similitudes.

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Analogy (from Greek ἀναλογία, analogia, "proportion") is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, where at least one of the premises or the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often, though not necessarily, a similarity, as in the biological notion of analogy. Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, as well as decision making, perception, memory, creativity, emotion, explanation, and communication. It lies behind basic tasks such as the identification of places, objects and people, for example, in face perception and facial recognition systems. It has been argued that analogy is "the core of cognition". Specific analogical language comprises exemplification, comparisons, metaphors, similes, allegories, and parables, but not metonymy. Phrases like and so on, and the like, as if, and the very word like also rely on an analogical understanding by the receiver of a message including them. Analogy is important not only in ordinary language and common sense (where proverbs and idioms give many examples of its application) but also in science, philosophy, and the humanities. The concepts of association, comparison, correspondence, mathematical and morphological homology, homomorphism, iconicity, isomorphism, metaphor, resemblance, and similarity are closely related to analogy. In cognitive linguistics, the notion of conceptual metaphor may be equivalent to that of analogy. Analogy has been studied and discussed since classical antiquity by philosophers, scientists, and lawyers. The last few decades have shown a renewed interest in analogy, most notably in cognitive science.

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