Un instrumento electrónico es un instrumento musical que produce sonidos usando la electrónica (energía eléctrica). El mismo se distingue de un instrumento tradicional eléctricamente amplificado, que es parecido a su versión acústica, pero que requiere que la amplificación se realice por medios electrónicos, como es el caso de la guitarra eléctrica. Los instrumentos electrófonos son la última familia en integrarse a la clasificación Sachs-Hornbostel, aproximadamente en 1920. Los instrumentos mecánico-eléctricos o electromecánicos son los instrumentos musicales que mezclan elementos mecánicos y eléctricos para generar el sonido, como por ejemplo, el Órgano Hammond o Melotrón.

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An electronic musical instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound using electronics. Such an instrument sounds by outputting an electrical audio signal that ultimately drives a loudspeaker. An electronic instrument might include a user interface for controlling its sound, often by adjusting the pitch, frequency, or duration of each note. However, it is increasingly common to separate user interface and sound-generating functions into a music controller (input device) and a music synthesizer, respectively, with the two devices communicating through a musical performance description language such as MIDI or Open Sound Control. All electronic musical instruments can be viewed as a subset of audio signal processing applications. Simple electronic musical instruments are sometimes called sound effects; the border between sound effects and actual musical instruments is often hazy. Electronic musical instruments are now widely used in most styles of music. Development of new electronic musical instruments, controllers, and synthesizers continues to be a highly active and interdisciplinary field of research. Specialized conferences, notably the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, have organized to report cutting-edge work, as well as to provide a showcase for artists who perform or create music with new electronic music instruments, controllers, and synthesizers.

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