En meteorología, la precipitación es cualquier forma de hidrometeoro que cae de la atmósfera y llega a la superficie terrestre. Este fenómeno incluye lluvia, llovizna, nieve, aguanieve, granizo, pero no virga, neblina ni rocío, que son formas de condensación y no de precipitación. La cantidad de precipitación sobre un punto de la superficie terrestre es llamada pluviosidad, o monto pluviométrico. La precipitación es una parte importante del ciclo hidrológico, llevando agua dulce a la parte emergida de la corteza terrestre y, por ende, favoreciendo la vida en nuestro planeta, tanto de animales como de vegetales, que requieren agua para vivir. La precipitación se genera en las nubes, cuando alcanzan un punto de saturación; en este punto las gotas de agua aumentan de tamaño hasta alcanzar una masa en que se precipitan por la fuerza de gravedad. Es posible inseminar nubes para inducir la precipitación rociando un polvo fino o un químico apropiado (como el nitrato de plata) dentro de la nube, acelerando la formación de gotas de agua e incrementando la probabilidad de precipitación, aunque estas pruebas no han sido satisfactorias. Si bien la lluvia es la más frecuente de las precipitaciones, no deben olvidarse los otros tipos: la nevada y el granizo. Cada una de estas precipitaciones puede a su vez clasificarse en diversos tipos.

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In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and "precipitates". Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but suspensions, because the water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate. Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated: cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air. Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with other rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud. Short, intense periods of rain in scattered locations are called "showers." Moisture overriding associated with weather fronts is an overall major method of precipitation production. If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation falls from convective clouds such as cumulonimbus and can organize into narrow rainbands. Where relatively warm water bodies are present, for example due to water evaporation from lakes, lake-effect snowfall becomes a concern downwind of the warm lakes within the cold cyclonic flow around the backside of extratropical cyclones. Lake-effect snowfall can be locally heavy. Thundersnow is possible within a cyclone's comma head and within lake effect precipitation bands. In mountainous areas, heavy precipitation is possible where upslope flow is maximized within windward sides of the terrain at elevation. On the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by compressional heating. The movement of the monsoon trough, or intertropical convergence zone, brings rainy seasons to savannah climes. Precipitation is a major component of the water cycle, and is responsible for depositing the fresh water on the planet. Approximately 505,000 cubic kilometres (121,000 cu mi) of water falls as precipitation each year; 398,000 cubic kilometres (95,000 cu mi) of it over the oceans and 107,000 cubic kilometres (26,000 cu mi) over land. Given the Earth's surface area, that means the globally averaged annual precipitation is 990 millimetres (39 in), but over land it is only 715 millimetres (28.1 in). Climate classification systems such as the Köppen climate classification system use average annual rainfall to help differentiate between differing climate regimes. Precipitation may occur on other celestial bodies, e.g. when it gets cold, Mars has precipitation which most likely takes the form of ice needles, rather than rain or snow.

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