La novela es una obra literaria en prosa en la que se narra una acción fingida en todo o en parte, y cuyo fin es causar placer estético a los lectores con la descripción o pintura de sucesos o lances interesantes, así como de caracteres, pasiones y costumbres, que en muchos casos sirven de insumos para la propia reflexión o introspección. La vigesimotercera edición del Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española la define de manera más general como una «obra literaria narrativa de cierta extensión» y como un «género literario narrativo que, con precedente en la Antigüedad grecolatina, se desarrolla a partir de la Edad Moderna». La novela se distingue por su carácter abierto y su capacidad para contener elementos diversos en un relato complejo. Este carácter abierto ofrece al autor una gran libertad para integrar personajes, introducir historias cruzadas o subordinadas unas a otras, presentar hechos en un orden distinto a aquel en el que se produjeron o incluir en el relato textos de distinta naturaleza: cartas, documentos administrativos, leyendas, poemas, etc. Todo ello da a la novela mayor complejidad que la que presentan los demás subgéneros narrativos.

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A novel is a long narrative, normally in prose, which describes fictional characters and events, usually in the form of a sequential story. The genre has also been described as possessing "a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years". This view sees the novel's origins in Classical Greece and Rome, medieval, early modern romance, and the tradition of the novella. The latter, an Italian word used to describe short stories, supplied the present generic English term in the 18th century. Ian Watt, however, in The Rise of the Novel (1957) suggests that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century, Miguel de Cervantes, author of Don Quixote, is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era; the first part of Don Quixote was published in 1605. The romance is a closely related long prose narrative. Walter Scott defined it as "a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents", whereas in the novel "the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society". However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a "kindred term". Romance, as defined here, should not be confused with the genre fiction love romance or romance novel. Other European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel: "a novel is le roman, der Roman, il romanzo."

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