Un banco es una empresa financiera que se encarga de captar recursos en la forma de depósitos, y prestar dinero, así como la prestación de servicios financieros. La banca, o el sistema bancario, es el conjunto de entidades o instituciones que, dentro de una economía determinada, prestan el servicio de banco. La internalización y la globalización promueven la creación de una Banca universal.Al igual que la palabra española “banco”, la palabra griega (trá‧pe‧za) que se traduce como banco significa literalmente “mesa”. En un contexto financiero, como por ejemplo el trabajo de los cambistas, se refiere al mostrador para la transacción de dinero.

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A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit. Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets. Due to their importance in the financial system and influence on national economies, banks are highly regulated in most countries. Most nations have institutionalized a system known as fractional reserve banking under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity, banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards, known as the Basel Accords. Banking in its modern sense evolved in the 14th century in the rich cities of Renaissance Italy but in many ways was a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots in the ancient world. In the history of banking, a number of banking dynasties — notably, the Medicis, the Fuggers, the Welsers, the Berenbergs and the Rothschilds — have played a central role over many centuries. The oldest existing retail bank is Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, while the oldest existing merchant bank is Berenberg Bank.

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