El modelismo ferroviario es una actividad recreativa cuyo objeto es imitar a escala trenes y sus entornos. Los trenes pueden ser estáticos o en movimiento. En este último caso, normalmente se utiliza electricidad de bajo voltaje (entre 9 y 24 voltios) tanto para el movimiento como para los accesorios, iluminación, etc. Durante parte del siglo XX también han sido populares los de cuerda y existen modelos de locomotoras propulsadas por vapor real.

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Railway modelling (UK, Australia and Ireland) or model railroading (US and Canada) is a hobby in which rail transport systems are modelled at a reduced scale. The scale models include locomotives, rolling stock, streetcars, tracks, signalling and landscapes including: countryside, roads, buildings, vehicles, model figures, lights, and features such as rivers, hills, and canyons. The earliest model railways were the 'carpet railways' in the 1840s. Electric trains appeared around the start of the 20th century, but these were crude likenesses. Model trains today are more realistic. Today modellers create model railway layouts, often recreating real locations and periods throughout history.

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