La quema prescrita, también conocida como incendio prescrito, quema controlada o ecoquema, es una técnica de supresión y mitigación de incendios forestales descontrolados mediante incendios controlados del material combuestible acumulado. En la naturaleza, la lucha contra incendios requiere de técnicas, equipos y entrenamiento diferentes de los empleados por las brigadas de bomberos de las áreas urbanas.

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Controlled or prescribed burning, also known as hazard reduction burning (HRB), backfire, or swailing, is a technique sometimes used in forest management, farming, prairie restoration or greenhouse gas abatement. Fire is a natural part of both forest and grassland ecology and controlled fire can be a tool for foresters. Hazard reduction or controlled burning is conducted during the cooler months to reduce fuel buildup and decrease the likelihood of serious hotter fires. Controlled burning stimulates the germination of some desirable forest trees, and reveals soil mineral layers which increases seedling vitality, thus renewing the forest. Some cones, such as those of Lodgepole Pine and Sequoia, are serotinous, as well as many chaparral shrubs, meaning they require heat from fire to open cones to disperse seeds. In industrialized countries, controlled burning is usually overseen by fire control authorities for regulations and permits. The party responsible must delineate the intended time and place. Obtaining a permit may not limit liability if the fire burns out of control.

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