El gas natural licuado (GNL) es gas natural que ha sido procesado para ser transportado en forma líquida. Es la mejor alternativa para monetizar reservas en sitios apartados, donde no es económico llevar el gas al mercado directamente ya sea por gasoducto o por generación de electricidad. El gas natural es transportado como líquido a presión atmosférica y a -162 °C. Así, para poder transportar el gas natural licuado, se ha de lograr reducir el volumen del gas natural en 600 veces, donde se transportará en buques especiales llamados metaneros. El GNL es inodoro, incoloro, no tóxico, su densidad (con respecto al agua) es 0,45 y sólo se quema si entra en contacto con aire a concentraciones de 5 a 15%.

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane C2H6f) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Hazards include flammability after vaporization into a gaseous state, freezing and asphyxia. The liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream. The natural gas is then condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure by cooling it to approximately −162 °C (−260 °F); maximum transport pressure is set at around 25 kPa (4 psi). LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent that of diesel fuel. This makes LNG cost efficient to transport over long distances where pipelines do not exist. Specially designed cryogenic sea vessels (LNG carriers) or cryogenic road tankers are used for its transport. LNG is principally used for transporting natural gas to markets, where it is regasified and distributed as pipeline natural gas. It can be used in natural gas vehicles, although it is more common to design vehicles to use compressed natural gas. Its relatively high cost of production and the need to store it in expensive cryogenic tanks have hindered widespread commercial use. Despite these drawbacks, on energy basis LNG production is expected to hit 10% of the global crude production by 2020.(see )

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