Un gen es una unidad de información en un locus de Ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) que codifica un producto funcional, o Ácido ribonucleico (ARN) o proteínas y es la unidad de herencia molecular. También se conoce como una secuencia lineal de nucleótidos en la molécula de ADN, o de ARN en el caso de algunos virus, y contiene la información necesaria para la síntesis de una macromolécula con función celular específica, habitualmente proteínas pero también ARN mensajero (ARNm), Ácido ribonucleico ribosómico (ARNr) y ARN de transferencia (ARNt). Esta función puede estar vinculada con el desarrollo o funcionamiento de una función fisiológica. El gen es considerado la unidad de almacenamiento de información genética y unidad de la herencia genética, pues transmite esa información a la descendencia. Los genes se disponen, pues, a lo largo de ambas cromátidas de los cromosomas y ocupan, en el cromosoma, una posición determinada llamada locus. El conjunto de genes de una especie se denomina genoma. Los genes están localizados en los cromosomas en el núcleo celular.

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A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA which is made up of nucleotides and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life. Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term "having a gene" (e.g., "good genes," "hair colour gene") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles. The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.

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