La "supervivencia del más apto" es una frase propia de la teoría evolutiva de Charles Darwin y el darwinismo social, como una descripción alternativa de la selección natural. En su sentido esencial, se refiere a la supervivencia de ciertos rasgos sobre otros que se reproducen en las siguientes generaciones, mientras que los otros rasgos tienden a desaparecer. El concepto fue acuñado por Herbert Spencer y retomado por Charles Darwin. Diversos autores consideran que la frase se ha usado en contextos que no son compatibles con el significado original, aunque otros señalan que desde el principio contenía una connotación social negativa que incitaba la supremacía de una raza o de una especie sobre otra.

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"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection. The biological concept of fitness is defined as reproductive success. In Darwinian terms the phrase is best understood as "Survival of the form that will leave the most copies of itself in successive generations." Herbert Spencer first used the phrase, after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, in his Principles of Biology (1864), in which he drew parallels between his own economic theories and Darwin's biological ones: "This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called 'natural selection', or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life." Darwin responded positively to Alfred Russel Wallace's suggestion of using Spencer's new phrase "survival of the fittest" as an alternative to "natural selection", and adopted the phrase in The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication published in 1868. In On the Origin of Species, he introduced the phrase in the fifth edition published in 1869, intending it to mean "better designed for an immediate, local environment".

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