La centrifugación es un método por el cual se pueden separar sólidos de líquidos de diferente densidad por medio de una fuerza giratoria. La fuerza centrífuga es provista por una máquina llamada centrifugadora, la cual imprime a la mezcla un movimiento de rotación que origina una fuerza que produce la sedimentación de los sólidos o de las partículas de mayor densidad. Los componentes más densos de la mezcla se desplazan fuera del eje de rotación de la centrífuga, mientras que los componentes menos densos de la mezcla se desplazan hacia el eje de rotación. De esta manera los químicos y biólogos pueden aumentar la fuerza de gravedad efectiva en un tubo de ensayo para producir una precipitación del sedimento en la base del tubo de ensayo de manera más rápida y completa.

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Centrifugation is a process which involves the application of the centripetal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge, and is used in industrial and laboratory settings. This process is used to separate two miscible substances, but also to analyze the hydrodynamic properties of macromolecules. More-dense components of the mixture migrate away from the axis of the centrifuge, while less-dense components of the mixture migrate towards the axis. Chemists and biologists may increase the effective gravitational force on a test tube so as to more rapidly and completely cause the precipitate (pellet) to gather on the bottom of the tube. The remaining solution (supernatant) may be discarded with a pipette. There is a correlation between the size and density of a particle and the rate that the particle separates from a heterogeneous mixture, when the only force applied is that of gravity. The larger the size and the larger the density of the particles, the faster they separate from the mixture. By applying a larger effective gravitational force to the mixture, like a centrifuge does, the separation of the particles is accelerated. This is ideal in industrial and lab settings because particles that would naturally separate over a long period of time can be separated in much less time. The rate of centrifugation is specified by the angular velocity usually expressed as revolutions per minute (RPM), or acceleration expressed as g. The conversion factor between RPM and g depends on the radius of the centrifuge rotor. The particles' settling velocity in centrifugation is a function of their size and shape, centrifugal acceleration, the volume fraction of solids present, the density difference between the particle and the liquid, and the viscosity. The most common application is the separation of solid from highly concentrated suspensions, which is used in the treatment of sewage sludges for dewatering where less consistent sediment is produced. In the chemical and food industries, special centrifuges can process a continuous stream of particle-laden liquid. Centrifugation is the most common method used for uranium enrichment, relying on the slight mass difference between atoms of U238 and U235 in uranium hexafluoride gas..

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