Castigo colectivo es el castigo aplicado a un grupo de personas como resultado del comportamiento de uno o más individuos o grupos. El grupo de sancionados, a menudo, no tiene relación directa con los otros individuos o grupos, o control directo sobre sus acciones. En tiempos de guerra y conflicto armado, el castigo colectivo se ha traducido en atrocidades, y es una violación de las leyes de la guerra y de las Convenciones de Ginebra. Históricamente, las potencias ocupantes, han utilizado el castigo colectivo como una forma de tomar represalias en contra y prevenir los ataques de sus fuerzas por los movimiento de resistencias (por ejemplo, la destrucción de ciudades enteras y pueblos donde tales ataques se han producido).

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Collective punishment is a form of retaliation whereby a suspected perpetrator's family members, friends, acquaintances, sect, neighbors or entire ethnic group is targeted. The punished group may often have no direct association with the other individuals or groups, or direct control over their actions. In times of war and armed conflict, collective punishment has resulted in atrocities, and is a violation of the laws of war and the Geneva Conventions. Historically, occupying powers have used collective punishment to retaliate against and deter attacks on their forces by Resistance movements (e.g. destroying entire towns and villages where such attacks have occurred). The Holy Bible's Old Testament gives numerous examples of collective punishment: "Original sin" is the collective punishment of humanity for the sins of Adam and Eve. The Flood was collective punishment for the sins of the then existing population. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah was the collective punishment of the populations of those two cities.

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