La depresión endogámica es la pérdida de adaptación (vigor, viabilidad, fecundidad...) producida por la pérdida de variación genética debido a la homocigosidad, que impide la supervivencia de la especie. Según Barret y Kohn (1991), permite la expresión de alelos recesivos perjudiciales procedentes de ambos progenitores, ya que suele producirse por el cruzamiento genético entre parientes próximos.

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Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding, or breeding of related individuals. Population biological fitness refers to its ability to survive and reproduce itself. Inbreeding depression is often the result of a population bottleneck. In general, the higher the genetic variation or gene pool within a breeding population, the less likely it is to suffer from inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression seems to be present in most groups of organisms, but varies across mating systems. Hermaphroditic species often exhibit lower degrees of inbreeding depression than outcrossing species, as repeated generations of selfing is thought to purge deleterious alleles from populations. For example, the outcrossing nematode (roundworm) Caenorhabditis remanei has been demonstrated to suffer severely from inbreeding depression, unlike its hermaphroditic relative C. elegans, which experiences outbreeding depression.

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