Pena pecuniaria es la denominación de la sanción que consiste en el pago de una multa al Estado como castigo por haber cometido un delito. La pena pecuniaria es una de las más leves que se pueden imponer dentro del derecho penal, y es utilizada también en derecho administrativo como forma para sancionar los incumplimientos.

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An amercement is a financial penalty in English law, common during the Middle Ages, imposed either by the court or by peers. The noun "amercement" lately derives from the verb to amerce, thus: the King amerces his subject, who offended some law. The term is of Anglo-Norman origin (Law French, from French, from Latin), and literally means "being at the mercy of": a-merce-ment (English mercy is cognate). While it is often synonymous with a fine, it differs in that a fine is a fixed sum prescribed by statute and was often voluntary, while an amercement is arbitrary. Amercements were commonly used as a punishment for minor offenses (such as trespassing in the King's forest), as an alternative to imprisonment.

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