Joma (también denominado jomam o javan) es un término en sánscrito que se refiere a cualquier ritual en el que la acción principal es la realización de ofrendas en un fuego consagrado. Su práctica se remonta a los rishis (sabios religiosos) del periodo védico (entre el 1500 y el 800 a. C.). En la actualidad, las palabras joma y javan son intercambiables con la palabra Iagñá. Los jomas son una importante práctica religiosa en el hinduismo (como parte de la mayoría de las ceremonias de los samskaras o sacramentos religiosos), en el budismo (en particular, en las tradiciones vajrayāna de los tibetanos y japoneses) y en el jainismo.

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Homa is a Sanskrit word that refers to a ritual, wherein an oblation or any religious offering is made into fire. A Homa is sometimes called a "sacrifice ritual" because the fire destroys the offering, but a Homa is more accurately a "votive ritual". The fire is the agent, and the offerings include those that are material and symbolic such as grains, clarified butter, milk, incense and seeds. It is rooted in the Vedic religion, and was adopted in ancient times by Buddhism and Jainism. The practice spread from India to Central Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia. Homa rituals remain an important part of many Hindu ceremonies, and variations of Homa continue to be practiced in current-day Buddhism, particularly in parts of Tibet and Japan. It is also found in modern Jainism. A Homa ritual is known by alternate names, such as yajna in Hinduism which sometimes means larger public fire rituals, or jajnavidhana or goma in Buddhism. In modern times, a Homa or Havana tends to refer to a private ritual around a symbolic fire, such as those observed at a wedding.

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