Un Estado policial es un Estado donde el gobierno mantiene un estricto control sobre la sociedad, particularmente a través de la supresión de las libertades civiles y a menudo mediante una fuerza de policía secreta y un gran despliegue e inversión en mecanismos de vigilancia. Esto implica que el control por el gobierno contradice la voluntad de los individuos que están siendo controlados. Así, un Estado policial es inherentemente antidemocrático y es similar a la ley marcial.

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Police state is a term denoting a government that exercises power arbitrarily through the power of the police force. Originally the term designated a state regulated by a civil administration, but since the beginning of the 20th century, the term has "taken on an emotional and derogatory meaning" by describing an undesirable state of living characterized by the overbearing presence of the civil authorities. The inhabitants of a police state may experience restrictions on their mobility, or on their freedom to express or communicate political or other views, which are subject to police monitoring or enforcement. Political control may be exerted by means of a secret police force that operates outside the boundaries normally imposed by a constitutional state. Robert von Mohl, who first introduced the rule of law to German jurisprudence, contrasted the Rechtsstaat ("legal" or "constitutional" state) with the anti-aristocratic Polizeistaat ("police state").

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