La ética normativa es una parte de la ética que intenta formular principios generales que justifiquen los sistemas normativos; argumenta por qué se deberían adoptar determinadas normas. Frecuentemente se entiende a la ética en el sentido de ética normativa, es decir, se confunde esta parte con el todo. Sin embargo, mientras que la ética descriptiva se ocupa de determinar qué se considera moralmente correcto en determinada sociedad, la ética normativa reflexiona sobre lo que es moralmente correcto y por qué.

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Normative ethics is the study of ethical action. It is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking. Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics because it examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions, while meta-ethics studies the meaning of moral language and the metaphysics of moral facts. Normative ethics is also distinct from descriptive ethics, as the latter is an empirical investigation of people’s moral beliefs. To put it another way, descriptive ethics would be concerned with determining what proportion of people believe that killing is always wrong, while normative ethics is concerned with whether it is correct to hold such a belief. Hence, normative ethics is sometimes called prescriptive, rather than descriptive. However, on certain versions of the meta-ethical view called moral realism, moral facts are both descriptive and prescriptive at the same time. Most traditional moral theories rest on principles that determine whether an action is right or wrong. Classical theories in this vein include utilitarianism, Kantianism, and some forms of contractarianism. These theories mainly offered the use of overarching moral principles to resolve difficult moral decisions.

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