El sistema de partida doble es el método o sistema de registro de las operaciones más usado en la contabilidad. Cada operación se registra dos veces, una en el debe y la otra en el haber, con el fin de establecer una conexión entre los diversos elementos patrimoniales. La anotación que involucra las dos partidas (debe y haber) se denomina asiento contable. Este sistema se asemeja a una balanza en equilibrio, ya que, dentro de un asiento contable, la suma de los conceptos del debe y del haber siempre tienen que coincidir. Ante los modernos sistemas de procesamiento de datos, se sostiene la conveniencia de separar los conceptos activo, pasivo y resultado en sendas columnas, para convertir el diario en un soporte con calidad informática.

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Double-entry bookkeeping, in accounting, is a system of bookkeeping so named because every entry to an account requires a corresponding and opposite entry to a different account. For instance, recording earnings of $100 would require making two entries: a debit entry of $100 to an account called "Cash" and a credit entry to an account called "Revenue." In deciding which account has to be debited and which account has to be credited, the golden rules of accounting are used. This is also accomplished using the accounting equation: Equity = Assets − Liabilities. The accounting equation serves as an error detection tool. If at any point the sum of debits for all accounts does not equal the corresponding sum of credits for all accounts, an error has occurred. It follows that the sum of debits and the sum of the credits must be equal in value. Double-entry bookkeeping is not a guarantee that no errors have been made—for example, the wrong ledger account may have been debited or credited, or the entries completely reversed.

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