Las láminas delgadas o secciones delgadas son preparaciones que se realizan en rocas para su estudio con microscopio petrográfico, y que consisten en rodajas de la roca de un espesor de unas 30 µm que se adhieren a láminas de vidrio (portas) mediante resina epoxi, para posteriormente ser recubiertas por otra lámina de vidrio. También se puede realizar esta preparación en sedimentos sueltos si previamente se les añade una resina que, al consolidar, se comporta como si fuera el cemento de la roca. A mediados del siglo XIX ya se empleaban las láminas delgadas, y para 1860 la técnica para su elaboración se encontraba bastante desarrollada. Se utilizan en distintas disciplinas como la micropaleontología, la mineralogía o la petrología.

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In optical mineralogy and petrography, a thin section (or petrographic thin section) is a laboratory preparation of a rock, mineral, soil, pottery, bones, or even metal sample for use with a polarizing petrographic microscope, electron microscope and electron microprobe. A thin sliver of rock is cut from the sample with a diamond saw and ground optically flat. It is then mounted on a glass slide and then ground smooth using progressively finer abrasive grit until the sample is only 30 μm thick. The method involved using the Michel-Lévy interference colour chart. Typically quartz is used as the gauge to determine thickness as it is one of the most abundant minerals. When placed between two polarizing filters set at right angles to each other, the optical properties of the minerals in the thin section alter the colour and intensity of the light as seen by the viewer. As different minerals have different optical properties, most rock forming minerals can be easily identified. Plagioclase for example can be seen in the photo on the right as a clear mineral with multiple parallel twinning planes. The large blue-green minerals are clinopyroxene with some exsolution of orthopyroxene. Thin sections are prepared in order to investigate the optical properties of the minerals in the rock. This work is a part of petrology and helps to reveal the origin and evolution of the parent rock. A photograph of a rock in thin section is often referred to as a photomicrograph.

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