La entalpía de vaporización es la cantidad de energía necesaria para que la unidad de masa (kilogramo, mol, etc.) de una sustancia que se encuentre en equilibrio con su propio vapor a una presión de una atmósfera pase completamente del estado líquido al estado gaseoso. Se representa por , por ser una entalpía. El valor disminuye a temperaturas crecientes, lentamente cuando se está lejos del punto crítico, más rápidamente al acercarse, y por encima de la temperatura crítica las fases de líquido y vapor ya no coexisten.

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The enthalpy of vaporization, (symbol ∆Hvap) also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the energy (enthalpy) that must be added to the substance, typically a liquid, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. The enthalpy of vaporization is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place. The enthalpy of vaporization is often quoted for the normal boiling temperature of the substance; although tabulated values are usually corrected to 298 K, that correction is often smaller than the uncertainty in the measured value. The heat of vaporization is temperature-dependent, though a constant heat of vaporization can be assumed for small temperature ranges and for reduced temperature . The heat of vaporization diminishes with increasing temperature and it vanishes completely at a certain point called the critical temperature (). Above the critical temperature, the liquid and vapor phases are indistinguishable, and the substance is called a supercritical fluid.

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