El señorío es una institución propia de la Edad Media y la Edad Moderna en España, en cierto modo similar al feudo del Imperio carolingio. Surgió en los reinos cristianos del norte peninsular y se extendió con la Reconquista al resto del territorio, confirmándose e incrementándose (refeudalización) con la Monarquía Hispánica posterior. Se trata de una donación hereditaria de tierras y vasallos, incluida la jurisdicción, dada por monarcas a nobles o clérigos como pago por servicios prestados o recompensa a méritos adquiridos, pero por su mera voluntad (merced). Su pervivencia en el tiempo (hasta el siglo XIX) y su carácter de base económica de la posición social de la nobleza, sobre todo tras perder ésta su poder político ante la monarquía, pusieron al señorío en el eje que articulaba los sistemas social, económico y político, por lo que puede considerarse que todos ellos formaban parte de un régimen señorial que caracterizó al Antiguo Régimen en España. Fue abolido por la Constitución de 1812.

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Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market economy and new forms of agrarian contract. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court. These obligations could be payable in several ways, in labor (the French term corvée is conventionally applied), in kind, or, on rare occasions, in coin. In examining the origins of the monastic cloister, Walter Horn found that "as a manorial entity the Carolingian monastery ... differed little from the fabric of a feudal estate, save that the corporate community of men for whose sustenance this organization was maintained consisted of monks who served God in chant and spent much of their time in reading and writing." Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdom as it outlasted feudalism: "primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain a capitalist landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent." The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the French Revolution. In parts of eastern Germany, the Rittergut manors of Junkers remained until World War II. In Quebec, the last feudal rents were paid in 1970 under the modified provisions of the Seigniorial Dues Abolition Act of 1935.

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