La guerra aérea es el uso de aviones militares y otras máquinas que vuelan en la guerra, incluyendo el transporte militar de carga para favorecer los intereses nacionales, como se demostró en el Bloqueo de Berlín. Desde el desarrollo de globos de aire caliente sin propulsión para observación en el siglo XVIII, la guerra aérea se ha convertido en un asunto de alta tecnología que ha conducido a muchas técnicas y avances tecnológicos como la propulsión aérea, radar y el uso de compuestos y materiales de ingeniería como la fibra de carbono.

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Aerial warfare is the use of military aircraft and other flying machines in warfare. Aerial warfare includes bombers attacking enemy concentrations or strategic targets; fighter aircraft battling for control of airspace; attack aircraft engaging in close air support against ground targets; naval aviation flying against sea and nearby land targets; gliders, helicopters and other aircraft to carry airborne forces such as paratroopers; aerial refueling tankers to extend operation time or range; and military transport aircraft to move cargo and personnel. Historically, military aircraft have included lighter-than-air balloons carrying artillery observers; lighter-than-air airships for bombing cities; various sorts of reconnaissance, surveillance and early warning aircraft carrying observers, cameras and radar equipment; torpedo bombers to attack enemy shipping; and military air-sea rescue aircraft for saving downed airmen. Modern aerial warfare includes missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. Surface forces are likely to respond to enemy air activity with anti-aircraft warfare.

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